![]() ![]() There may be a small proportion of individuals, usually old or with severely compromised performance status, who undergo plasma exchange as the sole symptomatic therapy of hyperviscosity secondary to plasma cell dyscrasia. Long-term management is directed at control of the underlying disease to prevent production of the monoclonal protein. Immediate therapy of symptomatic hyperviscosity is directed at reduction of blood viscosity by plasmapheresis to control symptoms. Symptoms of hyperviscosity include constitutional symptoms bleeding and ocular, neurological, and cardiovascular manifestations. Symptoms of hyperviscosity usually appear when the normal serum viscosity of 1.4 to 1.8 cp reaches 4 to 5 cp, corresponding to a serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) level of at least 3 g/dL, an IgG level of 4 g/dL, and an IgA level of 6 g/dL. Blood viscosity is determined by plasma viscosity, hematocrit (volume fraction of red blood cell, which constitute 99.9 of the cellular elements) and. Symptomatic hyperviscosity is much more common in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (10 to 30%) than it is in myeloma (2 to 6%). Other hematologic and metabolic abnormalities seen in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias also contribute to hyperviscosity. An epidemiological study based on the MONICA project in Augsburg, Germany (Koenig et al., 1998), showed that plasma viscosity was associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease. Plasma viscosity The ESR and plasma viscosity generally increase in parallel.1 Plasma viscosity is, however, primarily dependent on the concentration of plasma proteins, especially fibrinogen, and it is not affected by anaemia. The reasons for elevated viscosity are increased protein content and large molecular size, abnormal polymerization, and abnormal shape of immunoglobulin molecules. In this epidemiological study, we found significant associations between cold spells and increased plasma viscosity. Monoclonal hypergammaglobulinemia resulting in hyperviscosity syndrome is seen in multiple myeloma and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Introduction by I.H.Hypergammaglobulinemia increases serum viscosity and is the most common cause of hyperviscosity syndrome. Introduction to Plasma Physics: M.I.T. In doing so, we systematically change the plasma viscosity to three, five, and seven times that of healthy plasma and measure the shear-rate-dependent viscosity of the blood.Plasma on the Internet comprehensive list of plasma related links.Scientists are experimenting with plasma to make a new kind of nuclear power, called fusion, which would be much better and safer than ordinary nuclear power, and would produce much less radioactive waste. Plasma lamps and globes which are popular children's toys and room decorations. Artificial (man-made) uses of plasma include fluorescent light bulbs, neon signs, and plasma displays used for television or computer screens. Plasmas can also have very low pressure, as in outer space. It can result from abnormal plasma components such as paraproteins (seen in. ![]() Stars (including the Sun) are mostly made of plasma. Hyperviscosity syndrome (HVS) is a combination of clinical signs and symptoms related to increased blood viscosity. Sometimes plasmas can have very high pressure, as in stars. Plasma is usually very hot, because it takes very high temperatures to break the bonds between electrons and the nuclei of the atoms. Plasma is a better conductor of electricity than copper. For example, magnetic fields can be used to hold a plasma, but not to hold a gas. This makes a plasma act differently from a gas. Because they have an electric charge, they are pulled together or pushed apart by electric fields and magnetic fields. When the atoms in a gas are broken up, the pieces are called electrons and ions. Over 99% of the matter in the visible universe is believed to be plasma. If a plasma loses heat, the ions will re-form into a gas, emitting the energy which had caused them to ionize. Unlike the other states of matter, the charged particles in a plasma react strongly to electric and magnetic fields (i.e. An important consequence of this finding is that relative viscosity, which is assumed to reflect red cell deformability only, is also influenced by plasma. It results in negatively charged electrons, and positively charged ions. The effect of fuel air ratio (gas composition) is negligible for practical purposes. As viscosity has only a second-order effect on an engine cycle, total temperature may be used up to a Mach number of 0.6. Plasma is created by adding energy to a gas so that some of its electrons leave their atoms. Dynamic viscosity is a measure of the viscous forces and is a function of gas composition and static temperature. The color of the tube gives a hint to the gas inside Each type of gas makes a different color Gas-filled tubes often contain plasma. The colors come from the gas in the lamp. A plasma lamp, showing some of the more complex things a plasma can do. ![]()
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